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4.06 SILT FENCE
<br />(ES BMP 1.06)
<br />Definition
<br />A temporary sediment barrier consisting of a filter fabric stretched across and attached to
<br />supporting posts and entrenched. There are two types. The silt fence is a temporary linear
<br />filter barrier constructed of synthetic filter fabric, posts, and, depending upon the strength of
<br />the fabric used, wire fence for support. The filter barrier is constructed of stakes and
<br />burlap or synthetic filter fabric.
<br />Purposes
<br />1. To intercept and detain small amounts of sediment from disturbed areas during
<br />construction operations.
<br />2. To decrease the velocity of sheet flows and low -to -moderate level channel flows.
<br />Conditions When Practice Applies
<br />1. Below disturbed areas where erosion would occur in the form of sheet and rill
<br />erosion.
<br />2. Where the size of the drainage area is no more than 1/4 acre per 100 feet (1.3 ha
<br />/100 m) of silt fence length; the maximum slope length behind the barrier is 100
<br />feet (30 m); and the maximum gradient behind the barrier is 50 percent (2:1).
<br />3. In minor swales or ditch lines where the maximum contributing drainage area is no
<br />greater than 2 acres (0.8 he).
<br />4. Under no circumstances should silt fences be constructed in live streams or in
<br />swales or ditch lines where flows are likely to exceed one cubic foot per second
<br />(efs)(0.03 m3 / sec.). See Design Criteria for further clarification.
<br />Plannina Considerations
<br />Silt fences can trap a much higher percentage of suspended sediments than can straw
<br />bales and may be preferable to straw barriers in many cases. While the failure rate of silt
<br />fences is lower than that of straw barriers, this failure rate is still due mainly to improper
<br />installation. The most effective application is to install two parallel silt fences spaced a
<br />minimum of three feet apart. The installation and maintenance methods outlined here can
<br />improve performance.
<br />Filter barriers are inexpensive structures composed of burlap or standard weight synthetic
<br />filter fabric stapled to wooden stakes. Flow rates through burlap filter barriers are slightly
<br />slower and filtering efficiency is significantly higher than for straw bale barriers.
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<br />CHART I.
<br />RECOMMENDED SPACING FOR TYPE Z AND TYPE H HAY BALE BARRIERS, AND TYPE X SiLT FENCES
<br />Plate 4.06a FDOT Standard Index 102, Chart 1
<br />Source: FOOT Roadway and Traffic Design Standards
<br />Silt fences composed of a wire support fence and an attached synthetic filter fabric slow
<br />the flow rate significantly but have a higher filtering efficiency than burlap. Bothwoven and
<br />non -woven synthetic fabrics are commercially available. The woven fabrics generally
<br />display higher strength than the non -woven fabrics. When tested under acid and alkaline
<br />water conditions, most of the woven fabrics increase in strength. There are a variety of
<br />reactions among the non -woven fabrics. The same is true of testing under extensive
<br />ultraviolet radiation. Permeability rates vary regardless of fabric type. While all of the
<br />fabrics demonstrate very high filtering efficiencies for sandy sediments, there is
<br />considerable variation among both woven and non -woven fabrics when filtering the finer silt
<br />and day particles.
<br />Design Criteria
<br />1. No formal design is required for many small projects and for minor and incidental
<br />applications. For channel flow applications refer to FDOT Standard Index 102,
<br />Chart 1 (Plate 4.06a) for guidance on recommended spacing.
<br />2. Filter barriers shall have an expected usable life of 3 months. They are applicable
<br />in ditch lines, around drop inlets, and at temporary locations where continuous
<br />construction changes the earth contour and runoff characteristics and where low or
<br />moderate flows (not exceeding 1 cfs) (0.03 m3 / sec.) are expected.
<br />3. Silt fences, because they have much lower permeability than burlap filter barriers,
<br />have their applicability limited to situations in which only sheet or overland flows are
<br />expected. They normally cannot filter the volumes of water generated by channel
<br />flows, and many fabrics do not have sufficient structural strength to support the
<br />weight of water ponded behind the fence line. Their expected usable life is 6
<br />months.
<br />Construction SpeclfrcLtlon&
<br />Materials
<br />1. Synthetic filter fabric shall be a pervious sheet of propylene, nylon, polyester, or
<br />polyethylene yam. Synthetic filter fabric shall contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and
<br />stabilizers to provide a minimum of 6 months of expected usable construction life
<br />at a temperature range of 00 F to 1200 F (-17C to 49C).
<br />2. Burlap shall be 10 ounces per square yard (340 g/m2) fabric.
<br />3. Posts for sift fences shall be either 4 inch (10 cm) diameter wood, or 1.33 pounds
<br />per linear foot (2 kg/m) steel with a minimum length of 5 feet (1.5 m). Steel posts
<br />shall have projections for fastening wire to them.
<br />4_ Stakes for filter barriers shall be 1"x 2" (2.5 x 5 cm) wood (preferred), or equivalent
<br />metal with a minimum length of 3 feet (90 cm).
<br />1. Set Stakes 2 Excavate a 4' x C Trench
<br />Upsrope Along the Line of Stakes
<br />'M
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<br />Jill
<br />Flow � r
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<br />4.
<br />3. Staple Filter Material to Stakes 4. Backf ll and compact the
<br />and Extend it into the Trench Excavated soil
<br />Ili► Jill
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<br />sheet Flow Installation
<br />(Perspective View)
<br />I I
<br />I 1
<br />A ( I s rR A
<br />Flow 13
<br />Points A Should be Higher than Point B
<br />Drainageway lnstalTation
<br />(Front Elevation)
<br />Plate 4.06b Construction of a Filter Barrier
<br />Source: MRCS
<br />5. Wire fence reinforcement for silt fences using standard strength filter cloth shall be
<br />a minimum of 36 inches (90 cm) in height, a minimum of 14 gauge and shall have
<br />a maximum mesh spacing of 6 inches (15 cm).
<br />Sheet Flow Applications: Filter Barrier
<br />This sediment barriermay be constructed using burlap orstandard strength syntheticfflter
<br />fabric. It Is designed for low or moderate flows not exceeding 1 cis. (0.03 m3 / sec.). (See
<br />Plate 4.06b)
<br />1. The height of a filter barrier shall be a minimum of 15 inches (38 cm) and shall not
<br />exceed 18 inches (45 cm).
<br />2. Burlap or standard strength synthetic filter fabric shall be purchased in a continuous
<br />roll and cut to the length of the barrier to avoid the use of joints (and thus improve
<br />the strength and efficiency of the barrier).
<br />3. The stakes shall be spaced a maximum of 3 feet (90 cm) apart at the barrier
<br />location and driven securely into the ground a minimum of 8 inches (20 cm)"
<br />4. A trench shall be excavated approximately 4 inches (10 cm) wide and 4 inches (10
<br />cm) deep along the line of stakes and upslope from the barrier.
<br />5. The filter material shall be stapled to the wooden stakes, and 8 inches (20 cm) of
<br />the fabric shall be extended into the trench. Heavy duty wire staples at least 1/2
<br />inch (13 mm) long, hog rings, or be wire shall be used. Filter material shall not be
<br />stapled to existing trees.
<br />6. The trench shall be backfilled and the soil compacted over the filter material.
<br />7. Filter barriers shall be removed when they have served their useful purpose, but not
<br />before the upslope area has been permanently stabilized.
<br />Sheet Flow Application: Silt Fence
<br />This sediment barrier uses standard strength or extra strength synthetic filter fabrics. It is
<br />designed for situations in which only sheet or overland flows are expected. (See Plate
<br />4.06d)
<br />1. The height of a silt fence shall not exceed 36 inches (90 cm). Higher fences may
<br />impound volumes of water sufficient to cause failure of the structure.
<br />2. The filter fabric shall be purchased in a continuous roll cut to the length of the
<br />barrier to avoid the use of joints. When joints are necessary, filter cloth shall be
<br />spliced as described in item No. 8 below.
<br />Staked and Trenched - I
<br />Silt Fence Wire Reinforced
<br />eotaRed and Trenched
<br />Silt Ferree
<br />Ge Vly, tiff
<br />M15LE ROW STAKED SWT FENCE
<br />N'TS
<br />Plate 4.06c Double Row Staked Silt Fence
<br />Source: Ready Creek Improvement District
<br />3. Posts shall be spaced a maximum of 10 feet (3 m) apart at the barrier location and
<br />driven securely into the ground a minimum of 12 inches (30 cm). When extra
<br />strength fabric is used without the wire support fence, post spacing shall not exceed
<br />6 feet (1.8 m).
<br />4. A trench shall be excavated approximately 4 inches (10 cm) wide and 4 inches (10
<br />cm) deep along the line of posts and upslope from the barrier.
<br />5. When standard strength filter fabric is used, a wire mesh support fence shall be
<br />fastened securely to the upslope side of the posts using heavy duty wire staples at
<br />least 1 inch (25 mm) long, tie wires, or hog rings. The wire shall extend into the
<br />trench a minimum of 2 inches (5 cm) and shall not extend more than 36 inches
<br />(90 cm) above the original ground surface.
<br />6. The standard strength filter fabric shall be stapled or wired to the fence, and 8
<br />inches (20 cm) of the fabric shall be extended into the trench. The fabric shall not
<br />extend more than 36 inches (90 cm) above the original ground surface.
<br />7. When extra strength filter fabric and closer post spacing are used, the wire mesh
<br />support fence may be eliminated. In such a case, the filter fabric is stapled or
<br />wired directly to the posts with all other provisions of item No. 6 applying.
<br />8. When attaching two silt fences together, place the end post of the second fence
<br />inside the end post of the first fence. Rotate both posts at least 180 degrees on a
<br />clockwise direction to create a tight seal with the filter fabric. Drive both posts into
<br />the ground and bury the flap. (See Plate 4.06g)
<br />9. The trench shall be backfilled and the soil compacted over the filter fabric.
<br />10. The most effective application consists of a double row of silt fences spaced a
<br />minimum of three feet apart. The three foot separation is so that if the first row
<br />collapses it will not fall on the second row. Wire or synthetic mesh is may be used
<br />to reinforce the first row. (See Plate 4.06c)
<br />11. When used to control sediments from a steep slope, silt fences should be placed
<br />away from the toe of the slope for increased holding capacity. (See Plate 4.06f)
<br />12. Silt fences shall be removed when they have served their useful purpose, but not
<br />before the upslope area has been permanently stabilized.
<br />Channel Flow Applications
<br />1. If a filter barrier is to be constructed across a ditch line or Swale, the barrier shall of
<br />sufficient length such that the bottom of the end sections of fence are higher in
<br />elevation than the top of the center section to eliminate end flow. The plan
<br />configuration shall resemble an arc or horseshoe with the ends oriented upslope.
<br />(See Plate 4.06b).
<br />2. Use FDOT Standard Index 102, Chart 1(Plate 4.06a) as a guide for spacing.
<br />3. The remaining steps for installing a filter barrier for sheet flow applications apply
<br />here.
<br />Maintenance
<br />1. Silt fences and filter barriers shall be inspected immediately after each rainfall and
<br />at least daily during prolonged rainfall. Any required repairs shall be made
<br />immediately.
<br />2. Should the fabric on a silt fence or filter barrier decompose or become ineffective
<br />before the end of the expected usable life and the barrier still be necessary, the
<br />fabric shall be replaced promptly.
<br />3. Sediment deposits should be removed after each storm event. They must be
<br />removed when deposits reach approximately one-half the height of the barrier.
<br />2
<br />FILTER FABRIC
<br />MATERIAL
<br />SPPCING EF PMM
<br />TO BE 6-10 FEET APART
<br />FOR ADDITIONIAL STRENGTH
<br />FILTER FABRIC MATERIAL CAN
<br />BACiTILLED TRENCH BE ATTAR-ED TO A 6-INCH EMAXI
<br />MESH VIBE SCREEN VHICH HAS
<br />BEEN FASTENED TO THE POSTS
<br />FILTER FAaM YATO%k SE(15ffiLY
<br />FASnWD M TiC PWS of ar ib-6
<br />ATTACHING TWO SILT FENCES
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<br />Plate 4.06d Installing a Filter Fabric Silt Fence
<br />Source: HydroDynamics, Inc.
<br />EXTRA STREN&TH FILTER FABRIC
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<br />4'Ttb' TRENCH L GRAVEL
<br />WIBISAGTED
<br />STANDARD DETAIL ALTERNATE DETAIL
<br />TRENCH NTH NATIVE EIACICFILL TRENCH NTH &RAVEL
<br />NOTE+
<br />I. INSPECT AND REPAIR FENCE AFTER EACH
<br />STORM EVENT AND REMOVE SEDIMENT WHEN
<br />NECESSARY.
<br />2. REMOVED SEDIMENT SHALL BE DEPOSITED
<br />TO AN AREA THAT WILL NOT CONTR11311Ti
<br />SEDIMENT OTT -SITE AND GAN BE PERMANENTLY
<br />STABILIZEV.
<br />S. SILT FENCE SHALL DE PLACED ON SLOPE
<br />CONTOURS TO MAXIMIZE PONDIN S 5-FICIENCY.
<br />Plate 4.06e Silt Fence
<br />Source: Erosion Draw
<br />4. Any sediment deposits remaining in place after the silt fence or filter barrier is no
<br />longer required shall be dressed to conform with the existing grade, prepared, and
<br />seeded.
<br />rsaao -t.vvs vivpol rRaL oiritenL vR a ant rW11VU aL uRv I Utl VI a aIVNe
<br />Source: HydroDynamics, Inc
<br />Place the end post
<br />_
<br />of the second fence
<br />inside the end post
<br />of the first fence
<br />Rotate both post at
<br />'
<br />least 160 degrees in a
<br />clockwise direction to
<br />create a tight seal with
<br />the fabric material
<br />Direction of Runoff Waters
<br />y y y
<br />Drive both post about
<br />I inches into the
<br />i --
<br />I ,
<br />-ground and bury fblp
<br />Plate 4.06g Attaching Two Silt Fences
<br />Source: HydroDynamics,lnc.
<br />4.03 TEMPORARY GRAVEL CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE & EXIT
<br />(ES BMP 1.01)
<br />Definition
<br />A stone stabilized pad located at points of vehicular ingress and egress on a construction
<br />site.
<br />Purpose
<br />To stabilize entrances to the construction site and reduce the amount of sediment
<br />transported onto public roads by motor vehicles or runoff.
<br />Conditions Where Practice Applies
<br />Wherever traffic will be leaving a construction site and moving directly onto a public road or
<br />other paved area.
<br />Planning Considerations
<br />Construction entrances provide an area where mud can be removed from construction
<br />vehicle tires before they enter a public road. If the action of the vehicle traveling over the
<br />gravel pad is not sufficient to remove most of the mud, then the tires must be washed
<br />before the vehicle enters a public road. If washing is used, provisions must be made to
<br />intercept the wash water and trap the sediment before it is carried off -site. Construction
<br />entrances should be used in conjunction with the stabilization of construction roads to
<br />reduce the amount of mud picked up by construction vehicles.
<br />Design Criteria
<br />Aggregate Size
<br />FDOT No. 1 Coarse Aggregate (1.5 - 3.5 inch stone)(4 - 9 cm) should be used. Wood
<br />chips may be used for single family residential construction, provided that they can be
<br />prevented from floating away in a storm.
<br />Entrance Dimensions
<br />The aggregate layer must beat least 6 inches (15 cm) thick. It must extend the full width of
<br />the vehicular ingress and egress area. The length of the entrance must be at least 50 feet
<br />(20 m). The entrance must widen at its connection to the roadway in order to
<br />accommodate the turning radius of large trucks. (See Plate 4.03a)
<br />DIV13Z910N RIDtSE 1ZEQUItiiED
<br />WHtSZE GRADE EXG 295
<br />� OR 6REA"'ER
<br />exisrtN6 PAVED
<br />fZOADWA
<br />i
<br />tiLT!'_R PABRIG
<br />SECTION A - A
<br />NOTE. /
<br />SPILLJAWY USE Ov'(WBA65. STRAW HALES
<br />SFDfMENT BARRIER OR ^Ellt APPROVED METHODS
<br />(STRAW HALE TYPE SHOWW ` TO 4HANNELIZE RUNOFF TO 15ASIN
<br />AS/f IRED,
<br />SUPI'l WATER TO WASH /
<br />WHEELS Jr- NIZESSARY.
<br />ryO FLOW FLOW
<br />Im 4 I
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<br />PLAN
<br />NOTES, 2. WHEN We M3SARY, WH9 EL5 SHALL BE GLEANED
<br />I. THE ENTRANCE SHALLHE MAINTAINED IN A CONDITION THAT WILL PREVENT TRACKING OfI PRIOR TO ENTRANCE ONTO PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-)VAY.
<br />feLONEINb OF SWIII-OW, ONTO P1!ffi IG RibNTS- S. INF& WASHING IS RiWIFtED, IT 914ALL HE DONE
<br />ON AN AREA STABLIZED IM CRUSHCD STONE
<br />OF -WAY. THIS MAY Rawitte TOP PRESSIN&1,,. THAT DRAINS INTO AN APPROVED 9EDIMEW TRAP
<br />REPAIR AND/OR GLEANOUT OF ANY MEASURES OR SEDIMENT BASIN,
<br />LIMP TO TRAP SEDIMENT -
<br />Plate 4.03a Temporary Gravel Construction Entrance
<br />Source: Erosion Draw
<br />TRANSMW DETAIL I
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<br />Plate 4.03b Soil Tracking Prevention Devi
<br />Source; FDOT Rggggypnd 1_4 Design giiMog
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<br />Plate 4.03b Soil Tracking Prevention Device
<br />Source: FDOT Roadway and Traffic Design Standards
<br />Washing
<br />If conditions on the site are such that most of the mud is not removed by the vehicles
<br />traveling over the gravel, then the tires of the vehicles must be washed before entering a
<br />public road. Wash water must be carried away from the entrance to a settling area to
<br />remove sediment (See Plate 4.03b). A wash rack may also be used to make washing
<br />more convenient and effective (See Plate 4.03c).
<br />Location
<br />The entrance should be located to provide for maximum utility by all construction vehicles.
<br />Construction Specifications
<br />The area of the entrance should be cleared of all vegetation, roots, and other objectionable
<br />material. A geotextile should be laid down to improve stability and simplify maintenance.
<br />The gravel shall then be placed over the geotextile to the specified dimensions.
<br />Any drainage facilities required because of washing should be constructed according to
<br />approved specifications. If wash racks are used, they should be installed according to
<br />manufacturer's specifications.
<br />Maintenance
<br />The entrance shall be maintained in a condition which will prevent tracking or flow of mud
<br />onto public rights -of -way. This may require periodic top dressing with 2-inch (5 cm) stone,
<br />as conditions demand, and repair and/or clean out of any structures used to trap
<br />sediments. All materials spilled, dropped, washed, ortracked from vehicles onto roadways
<br />or into storm drains must be removed immediately. Look for signs of trucks and trailered
<br />equipment "cutting comers" where the gravel meets the roadway. Sweep the paved road
<br />daily for sediments and stones.
<br />Plate 4.03c Construction Entrance with Wash Rack
<br />Source: 1983 Matviand Standards for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control
<br />incrimnium
<br />Ease 9 P (S..,Eh
<br />PLANNING k ENGINEERING
<br />144gq N DALE MABRY HWT
<br />SUITE 250
<br />TAMPA, FL 33618
<br />813.387-0084
<br />olitti
<br />tD.
<br />i lttOiff�
<br />tea. SQ. ,.•,r, E IV s fi., '� �.►
<br />No.60386
<br />,Wt{r
<br />.s (STA Fsl
<br />STATE OF FLORIDA
<br />AUTHORIZATION NUMBER
<br />8370
<br />PLAN5 PREPARED BY INGENIUM
<br />ENTERPRISES FORMERLY GRIMAIL
<br />CRAWFORD
<br />7
<br />a
<br />CLIENT:
<br />MCC% BUILDING CORP.
<br />105CI CIRCLE DRIVE
<br />HIGHLAND, WI 53543
<br />PHONE: 608.g29.7737
<br />THE CIVIL ENGINEER REGULARLY UPDATES
<br />ELECTRONIC FILES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
<br />PROJECT. AS A RESULT, THE DATA INCLUDED IN ANY
<br />CAD FILE OR DRAWING PRIOR TO ITS FINAL RELEASE
<br />DOES NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE COMPLETE
<br />SCOPE OR CONTENT AS DEFINED IN THE CONTRACT.
<br />THE CONTENTS IN THESE FILES MAY THEREFORE BE
<br />PRELIMINARY, INCOMPLETE WORK IN PROGRESS, AND
<br />SUBJECT TO CHANGE. FURTHERMORE, THE
<br />INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN 15 THE EXCLUSIVE
<br />PROPERTY OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER. THE ORIGINAL
<br />IDEAS REPRESENTED HERE BY THIS INFORMATION
<br />SHALL NOT BE USED, ALTERED, OR REPRODUCED IN
<br />ANY MANNER WITHOUT THE EXPRESSED WRITTEN
<br />CONSENT OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER. THESE PLANS ARE
<br />SUBJECT TO FEDERAL COPYRIGHT LAH5; ANY USE OF
<br />SAME WITHOUT EXPRESSED WRITTEN PERMISSION OF
<br />THE CIVIL ENGINEER IS PROHIBITED.
<br />PROJ It
<br />170061
<br />DWG NAME
<br />170061 C06.DWG
<br />15'5UE DATE
<br />Oq/07/2017
<br />PROJ MGR
<br />JP
<br />ESPC DETAILS I
<br />C06,4
<br />5HEET NUMBER
<br />S'r
<br />SF SEDIMENT FENCE NT5
<br />GE �STRUCTION p��
<br />
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