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<br />Ramp Requirements [§405]
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<br />i greater than 6"
<br />Runn"
<br />(§405.2
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<br />Rise (§405.6) Cross e
<br />30" max per run (§4Q5.3j
<br />:48 max,,.
<br />Surfaces (§405,4)
<br />firm, stable, and slip -resistant
<br />(run and landing surfaces) Level Landings
<br />(§405.7)
<br />Edge Protection (§405,9) at top and bottom
<br />along ramp run and landings
<br />Alterations (§405.2) Wet Conditions (§405.10)
<br />Permitted running slopes where space is limited: Landings must be designed to
<br />1:10 max (6" max rise) or 1:•8 max (3" max rise) Prevent the accumulation of water.
<br />Parallel Curb Ramps
<br />Curb ramps can be oriented parallel to sidewalks. This design provides an option
<br />where limited space precludes a top landing. A level landing 48" long minimum (60"
<br />preferred) accommodates maneuvering between runs and right-angle turns to
<br />connecting routes, such as parking access aisles and crossings.
<br />Detectable Warnings 406.8 DOTY s Standards 705
<br />Detectable warnings are required on curb ramps at transit facilities covered
<br />by DOT'S Standards (facilities used by state and local governments to
<br />provide designated public transportation services, such as rail stations and
<br />bus stations). They are not required at non -transit facilities subject to DOJ's
<br />Standards. DOT also requires detectable warnings on curb ramps in
<br />projects funded by the Federal Highway Administration. New guidelines the
<br />Board is developing for public rights -of -way will address requirements for
<br />detectable warnings at curb ramps and other transitions along public streets
<br />and sidewalks where hazards to people with vision impairments are greater.
<br />Where detectable warnings are required (or provided anyway) they must meet
<br />specifications for size, spacing, and contrast. These detailed criteria provide a
<br />distinctive texture intended to have a uniform meaning in alerting persons to the
<br />approach to vehicular areas (as well as drop-offs along rail station platforms).
<br />Detectable Warnings on Curb Ramps
<br />Slope [§405.2] and Cross Slope [§405.3]
<br />Slope represents the proportion of
<br />vertical rise to horizontal length and is slope = rise: length
<br />risespecified in the Standards as a ratio
<br />(e.g., 1: 12). It also can be expressed length
<br />as a percentage, pitch, or in degrees.
<br />The running slope is to be uniform
<br />along a run, although slight variations may occur with certain materials such as
<br />concrete. No other changes in level other than the running slope (1:12 max.) and cross
<br />slope (1:48 max.) are permitted. Variations in slope, such as grade breaks within runs,
<br />can disrupt wheelchair travel.
<br />Clear Width [§405.5]
<br />Ramp runs must have a clear width of 36" minimum (measured between handrails
<br />where provided). The width of ramps that are part of a means of egress may further be
<br />determined by applicable life safety codes and requirements for minimum exit widths
<br />greater than 36".
<br />1 1 36" rain I _
<br />Employee Work Areas
<br />Common use circulation paths must be
<br />accessible in work areas 1,000 sq. ft. or more in
<br />size. Ramps on these circulation paths must
<br />comply except that:
<br />- the clear width can be reduced below 36" by
<br />work area equipment where it is essential to
<br />the work being performed (§405.5); and
<br />` - handrails can be installed after construction,
<br />as needed (ramps must be sized so that the
<br />minimum clear width is maintained) (§405.8).
<br />Rise [§405.6]
<br />The height of runs is limited (30" max.), but there is no limit on the number of runs a
<br />ramp may have. Long ramps with many runs can be strenuous for people using manual
<br />wheelchairs. While intermediate landings offer resting points, they do not reduce the
<br />amount of effort that must be exerted to negotiate multiple runs.
<br />Edge Protection [§405.9]
<br />Edge protection along ramp runs and landings keep wheelchair casters and crutch tips
<br />on the surface and can be provided by curbs, barriers, or extended surfaces.
<br />Edcie Protection Alternatives
<br />Curbs if used must be at least 4" high.
<br />Rails or other barriers must prevent
<br />passage of a 4" diameter sphere.
<br />2
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<br />Vertical pickets used for edge protec9on must Run and landing surfaces that extend at least
<br />prevent passage of a 4"diameter sphere. 12" beyond the inside face of handrails will
<br />provide adequate edge protection by
<br />Edge protection is not required at: preventing wheelchair casters and crutch tips
<br />from slipping off the edge.
<br />• ramps no higher than 6" that have side flares
<br />• ramp landings serving an adjoining run or stairway
<br />• sides of ramp landings with vertical drop-offs not exceeding 1/2' within 10" of the
<br />minimum landing area
<br />Landings [§405.7]
<br />Level landings are required at the top and bottom of each run. Changes in level greater
<br />than 1:48 are not permitted at landings. Landings must be designed to prevent the
<br />accumulation of water,
<br />Grade breaks (i.e., where the
<br />change in slope occurs) must ` „ 6R
<br />be perpendicular to the
<br />direction of ramp runs to
<br />prevent cross -slope issues
<br />and uneven surfaces.
<br />No change in level is
<br />permitted within landings
<br />other than slopes 1:48 max.
<br />intermediate landings between runs must be at least 60" wide clear and 60" long clear
<br />where ramps change direction (any change from linear). Handrails, edge protection,
<br />vertical posts and other elements cannot obstruct or overlap the minimum 60" by 60"
<br />clearance. The 12" minimum handrail extensions required at the top and bottom of
<br />ramp runs must be in the same direction of the run, but they can turn or wrap where
<br />handrails are continuous at the inside turn of dogleg or switchback ramps.
<br />Wet Conditions [§405.10]
<br />Landings subject to wet conditions must be designed to prevent the accumulation of
<br />water. Landings are permitted slopes not steeper than 1:48 to allow for drainage.
<br />Dome Spacing
<br />Dome Size
<br />Diagonal Curb Ramps [§406.6]
<br />If curb ramps are placed diagonally
<br />`6
<br />1.6'* *
<br />50% - 65%
<br />at an intersection, it is important that
<br />men
<br />2=4"
<br />of the base
<br />clear space 48" long min. is
<br />diameter
<br />available at the bottom that is
<br />outside active vehicle traffic lanes
<br />0
<br />_(L . -
<br />0•2"
<br />and is located within marked
<br />-2.4
<br />crossings, where provided. A
<br />_1'69,
<br />segment of curb at least 24" long
<br />beyond flares must be provided on
<br />.0
<br />diem}9
<br />both sides of curb ramps with side
<br />(basee diameter)
<br />flares within marked crossings. This
<br />curb segment provides an orienting
<br />cue at crossings for people with
<br />vision impairments.
<br />Intermediate Landings Where Ramps Change Direction
<br />Handrails
<br />Extensions must be linear, but
<br />can turn or wrap where handrails '
<br />are continuous at the inside turn
<br />of dogleg or switchback ramps
<br />® 40
<br />Configuration
<br />Recommendation: Align run�Iess
<br />than 60" wide to the outer edge of
<br />landings for easier wheelchair
<br />maneuvering between runs
<br />Doorways at Landings [§405.7.5]
<br />Required door maneuvering clearances can overlap ramp landings (it is advisable to
<br />locate the swing of doors outside ramp landings for greater safety).
<br />Doorways at Ramp Landings
<br />- ' Y Recommendation: Locate door
<br />- _ swing outside ramp landing
<br />Handrails [§405.8, §505]
<br />Handrails are required on both sides of ramps with a rise greater than 6", The
<br />Standards do not require lower handrails serving children except at ramps serving play
<br />areas, but include a recommended height (28" max.) and separation (9" min.) from the
<br />required handrail to minimize entrapment hazards.
<br />Handrail Height and Clearance
<br />36'° min
<br />14 le- Recommended nhere
<br />lower nandrari for
<br />01 ch,,I&en is provided:
<br />9" min recommended
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<br />consistent !weight
<br />along run 28" max recommended
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<br />Handrail Continuity and Extensions
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<br />Extensions 12 "long min. in the same direction of travel are required
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<br />at the top and bottom of runs (except for inside rail of switchback
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<br />ramps) to provide support before entering or exiting ramps.
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<br />The 12"min. is
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<br />12"
<br />Handrails must be continuous measured to
<br />Bottom gripping surface the full length of run and tops min the start of the
<br />12
<br />°° .o°
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<br />can be obstructed up to and sides of gripping surface return radius.
<br />min 20% of the length. cannot be obstructed.
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<br />Extensions must
<br />return to guard,
<br />wall, or floor.
<br />Extensions with a leading edge 27" high max. can extend any amount from posts. Those with a
<br />leading edge higher than 27" are limited to a 12" protrusion from posts (§307.3). The sloping
<br />portion of handrails are not required to comply with requirements for protruding objects.
<br />Curb Ramps [§406]
<br />Top Landing [§406.4]
<br />Top Landing Slope
<br />Requirements for curb ramps apply to ramps that cut through curbs or are built up to
<br />The required landing at the top Of curb ramps allows an accessible route to connect to
<br />The maximum sloe of the to landing is determined b the configuration of connecting
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<br />them. New guidelines the Board is developing for public rights -of -way will further
<br />the ramp opening. Side flares, where provided, are intended primarily to prevent
<br />accessible routes.
<br />address curb rams located along public streets and sidewalks, but the are not
<br />P 9P Y
<br />tripping hazards, not to accommodate wheelchair maneuvering at ramps (except in
<br />pp g g p( p
<br />discussed in this guide. DOJ's 2010 ADA Standards require curb ramps at newly
<br />alterations where sufficient landing space is unavailable). Side flare slopes cannot
<br />constructed or altered streets, highways, and street -level pedestrian walkways to
<br />exceed 1:10 max. (or 1: 12 max. in alterations where a top landing is unavailable).
<br />provide an accessible route for pedestrians at intersections 28 CFR 35.151 i
<br />-- - --
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<br />Curb Ramp Requirements [§406]
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<br />Top Landing (§406.4)
<br />facilitates maneuvering to and from Grade Breaks
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<br />ramp without travel across side flares At top and bottom
<br />.- perpendicular to the direction of ramp%;
<br />,r .� -' •� ,� runs to prevent cross -slope
<br />�. and uneven surfaces
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<br />Perpendicular Accessible Route
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<br />Parallel Accessible Route
<br />Alterations 406 1 <.
<br />§ 1.12 max _
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<br />cro perpendicular connecting
<br />The cross slope of er endreu a co nect n
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<br />If the only connecting accessible route runs
<br />Permitted rennin o es sn
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<br />routes limit the slope of the ram top landing to
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<br />parallel t t ramp the to landing
<br />p a! o he mp run, e p a g can
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<br />where space is !t rted:
<br />„ Cross Slope (§4Qfi.3) �r��.�. `„ �
<br />mini1:48
<br />measured parallel to the rennin slope).
<br />( A gslope
<br />1:20 max.
<br />1:10 max (6 m rise) or 1.48 max
<br />1:8 max 13"m rises
<br />Alterations: Ramp without Top Landing
<br />Sides of Curb Ramps [§406.3]
<br />Location (§ 6,5
<br />Cannot ( ct into vehicular traffic
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<br />In alterations where sufficient landing space is not available, side flares must be
<br />Curb ramps can have returned sides, but a top landing is required under all conditions
<br />lanes, pa spaces, or acces
<br />ing ,
<br />provided and cannot slope more than 1: 12 to facilitate wheelchair maneuvering.
<br />to allow maneuvering to and from the run.
<br />aisles.
<br />Parallel curb ramps (page 12) provide an alternative in such conditions.
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<br />Transition to Street [§406.2]
<br />Smooth Transition
<br />at grade break (no lips or
<br />other changes in level)
<br />Ramp Running Slope
<br />1:12 max Counter Slope
<br />1:20 max
<br />Islands [§406.7]
<br />A 48" min. long separation is necessary between curb ramps so that people using
<br />wheelchairs can clear one ramp before negotiating the next. Level cut-throughs provide
<br />an effective alternative, especially at narrow islands that will not accommodate opposing
<br />curb ramps with a 48" separation.
<br />Island with Curb Ramps
<br />Island with Cut -through
<br />NOTES:
<br />1. NOT ALL DETAILS SHOWN ON THIS SHEET MAY APPLY. THESE
<br />DETAILS ARE INCLUDED TO GUIDE THE CONTRACTOR
<br />DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A.D.A. RAMPS, CURB RAMPS
<br />AND ACCESSIBLE ROUTES.
<br />2. THE CLIENT/CONTRACTOR SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR
<br />SURVEYING AND MEASURING THE ADA LOCATIONS AND
<br />ACCESSIBLE ROUTES POST -CONSTRUCTION AND CONFIRMING
<br />COMPLIANCE.
<br />3. IF ADA CERTIFICATIONS ARE REQUIRED BY THE EOR, A
<br />DETAILED A.D.A. AS -BUILT SURVEY WILL BE PROVIDED TO
<br />THE FOR WHICH DEMONSTRATES COMPLIANCE.
<br />UNITED STATES ACCESS BOARD
<br />Advancing full Access and inclusion for All
<br />1331 F Street, NW Suite 1000 - Washington, DC 20004-1111
<br />(202) 272-0080 (v) (202) 272-0082 (TTY) - www.access-board.gov
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