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gradient, load intensity and erosion characteristics of slope material. 1805,4 Footings. Footings shall bedesigned and constructed in accordance with Sections 1805.4.1 through 1805.4.6. 1805.4.1 Design. Footings shall be so designed that the . allowable bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded. and that differential settlement is minimized. The minimum width of footings shall be 12 inches (305 mm). Footings in areas with expansive soils shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of Section 1805.8. 1805,4.1.1 Design loads, Footings shall be designed for the most unfavorable effects due to the combinations of loads specified in Section 1605.3. The dead load shall in- clude the weight of foundations. footings and overlying fill. Reduced live loads. as specified in Section 1607.9, are pennitted to be used in designing footings. 1805.4.1.2 Vibratory loads. Where machinery opera- tions or other vibrations are transmitted through the foundation, consideration shall be given in the footing design to prevent detrimental disturbances of the soil. 1805.4.2 Concrete footings, The design. materials and con- struction of concrete footings shall comply with Sections 1805.4.2.1 through 1805.4.2.6 and the provisions of Chap- ter 19. Exception: Where a specific design is not provided, con- crete footings supporting walls of light-frame construc- tion are pennitted to be designed in accordance with Table 1805.4,2. 1805.4,2.1 Concrete strength, Concrete in footings shall have a specified compressive strength if I.) of not less than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17237 !<Pa) at 28 days. 1805,4.2,2 Reserved. SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS 1805.4,2.3 Plain concrete footings. The edge thickness of plain concrete footings supporting walls of other than light-frlU'(le construction shall not be less than 8 inches (203 nun) where placed on soil. Exception: For plain concrete footings supporting Group R-3 occupancies, the edge thickness is permit- ted to be 6 inches (152 rnm), provided that the footing does not extend beyond a distance greater than the thickness of the footing on either side of the supported wall. 1805,4,2,4 Placement of concrete. Concrete footings shall not be placed throu gh water unless a tremie or otber - metheXf approved by the ~building official is used. Where placed under or in the presence of water, the concrete shall be deposited by approved means to ensure mini' mum segregation of the mix and negligible turbulence ot" the water. 1805,4.2.5 Protection of concrete. Concrete foolings shall be protected from freezing during depositing and for a period of not less than five days thereafter. Water shall not be allowed to flow through the deposited concrete_ ;: 180~,4.2.6~orming of concrete. Concrete footings are pent1itted to be cast agai:1st the earth where, in the opin- ion of the building offici '1], soil conditions do not require fonning. Where fonning is required, it shall be in accor. dance with Chapter 6 of ACI 318. 1805,4,3 Masonry-unit footings. The design. materials and construction of masonry-unit footings shall comply with Sections 1805.4.3.1 ilnd 1805.4.3.2, and the prOVisions of Chapter 21. Exception: Where a specific design is not provided, ma- sonry-unit footings suprorting walls of light-frame con- struction are pennitted to be designed in accordance with Table 1805.4.2. 1805.4,3.1 Dimensions. IVasonry-unit footings shall be _laid in Type M or S mortar complying with Section II TABLE 1805,4,2 FOOTINGS SUPPORTING WALLS OF WGHT.FRAME CONSTRUCTION', b. c. d - . ., WIDTH OF. ;. I THICKNESS OF NUMBER OF FLOORS FOOnNQ FOOTING , SUPPORTED BY THE FOOTING' (Inoh..) llnch.a) 1 12 6 2 15 6 3 18 gf /I For 51: I inch = 25.4 mm, I fOOl = 304.8 mm__ a_ Depth of foolings shall be in accordance with Section 1805.2. b_ The ground under the floor is permitted to be excavated to the elevation of the top of the footing. c_ Interior-stud-bearing walls are permined to be supported by isolated footings. The footing width and length shall be twice th~ width shown in this table. and fOOl- Ings shall be spaced not more than 6 feet on center. II d. For thickness of foundation walls, see Section 1805.5. e_ Footings are permined to support a roofin addition to the stipulated numberoffloora. Footinguupporting roof only shall be as required for supponing one Iloor f. Plain concrete footings for Group R-3 occupancies are penniUed to be 6 incites thick. FLORIDA BUILDING CODE - BUILDING 18.5