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Warning Ag~nt Chloropicrin is a warning agent that must be released within the space to be fumigated prior to introduction of lYTHOR into that space. Even at very low levels of concentration in the air, unprotected exposure to chloropicrin in the air causes tearing' and smarting of the eyes accompanied by a disagreeable, penetrating smell. Chloropicrin must be released into the fumigated space only by a Certified Applicator or someone under their direct supervision. Applicators must observe the precautionary statements and safety recommendations appearing on the label of the chloropicrin containing product. Chloropicrin must be released within a fumigated space at least 5 minutes prior to introduction of the fumigant. Apply/release 1 fluid oz of chloropicrin per 10,000 to 15,000 cubic feet- (30 ml of chloropicrin per 283 to 425 cubic meters) of fumigated space. Establish at least one chloropicrin introduction site for each 45,000 cubic feet (1275 cubic meters) of fumigated space. Dispense no more than 3 fluid ounces (90 ml) of chloropicrin into a single evaporation container. Distribution of chloropicrin throughout a fumigated space is enhanced by applying/releasing it as follows: 1. Place a shallow, wide container directly behind a fan in its air stream. 2. Place a handful of wicking agent, (e.g., cotton) in the bottom of the container. 3. Pour the chloropicrin over the wicking agent. Do not place chloropicrin into a container made of magnesium, aluminum, or their alloys, as chloropicrin may severely corrode these metals. Removal of all chloropicrin evaporation containers from the fumigated space as soon as possible aller commencement of the initial aeration procedure will speed dissipation of the chloropicrin from the fumigated space. The use of chloropicrin is not required when fumigating railcars and shipping containers; however if chloropicrin is not used, a thorough pre-fumigation walk- through inspection must be performed of each railcar or shipping container with their doors being immediately locked upon leaving each car or container. A guard must be continuously posted during the period between ZYTHOR introduction and final clearance if no chloropicrin is used. Securing Fumigated Structure Entrances During the Exposure Period and Step 2 of the aeration procedures, fumigated structure(s) must be secured against the possibility of entry into the structure(s) by anyone other than a Certified Applicator or persons under their direct supervision. Two levels of security against unauthorized entry must be employed at each exterior entrance during those periods, if practicable. In addition to the use of existing locking mechanisms, if present, a secondary locking device must all;o be used. Secondary locks shall consist of a device or barricade that has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing the opening of exterior doors or entrances using normal opening or entering processes by anyone other than the Certified Applicator or someone under their direct supervision. Consult state and local regulations for any supplementary instructions and/or restrictions on securing against unauthorized entry into fumigated structures. Posting of Fumigated Spaces All entrances and all sides of the fumigated space including those within structures, chambers, vehicles, ships and stacks must be posted and placarded with warning signs. Signs must remain legible during the entire posting period. Post warning signs in advance of the fumigation in order to keep unauthorized persons away. All signs must bear the following in English and Spanish: 1. The signal word "DANGERlPELlGRO" and the SKULL and CROSSBONES symbol in red. 2. The statement, "Area under fumigation, DO NOT ENTERlNO ENTRE". 3. The date of the fumigation. 4. Name and EPA Registration Number of the fumigant. 5. Name, address, and telephone number of the fumigation company and the licensed/certified applicator. Signs must remain in place until the fumigated space has been cleared for re- occupancy according to the applicable aeration procedure. DETERMINING DOSES AND EXPOSURE PERIODS FOR ZYTHOR The amount of ZYTHOR applied to the fumigated space is referred to as the dose. The level of fumigant present in the air is referred to as the concentration. Dose is expressed in pounds of fumigant and concentration is expressed in ounces of ZYTHOR per thousand cubic feet of fumigated space. Achieving target pest mortality with ZYTHOR is dependent upon the concentration of ZYTHOR present in the air the target pest is breathing. However, it is also dependent upon the length of the period of time the target pest is exposed to that concentration (exposure periOd) and the temperature. For a given temperature and rate of ZYTHOR loss from the fumigant space, increases in the concentration of ZYTHOR can reduce the length of the exposure period required to kill a pest. Conversely, under the same temperature and rate of fumigant loss conditions, increases in the length of the exposure period can reduce the concentration of ZYTHOR required to kill the same pest. Concentration in ounces per thousand cubic feet multiplied by the number of hours in the exposure periOd is referred to as the Kill Power Index. The Fumicalc computer program, designed to run on most types of desktop and laptop computers and many handheld computers, is used to calculate the Kill Power Index that must be achieved within a fumigant space to kill the target pest and the dose and exposure period necessary to achieve that Kill Power Index. The Fumicalc program is part of the ZYTHOR labeling and must be used to calculate all doses and exposure periods for ZYTHOR The Fumicalc accepts as inputs the factors necessary to compute these values for all labeled target pests The Fumicalc program is available from Ensystex II, Inc. Certain insects are more susceptible to exposure to ZYTHOR than others This means higher Kill Power Indexes must be achieved for certain Target Pests compared to that needed to kill others. Higher Kill Power Indexes can be achieved for any fumigated space by administering a higher Concentration of ZYTHOR and/or extending the Exposure Period, all of which is handled by the Fumicalc automatically. All you have to do is tell the Fumicalc the Target Pest and it makes any necessary adjustments to the Kill Power Index. The egg stage of some Target Pests are not susceptible to sulfuryl fluoride and thus cannot be killed by ZYTHOR. In this case it may be advisable to fumigate once at a concentration sufficient 10 control the post-embryonic (larva, pupa, adult) stages. After any surviving insect eggs have hatched, but prior to these insects' maturation and deposition of new eggs, fumigate a second time, again at the post- embryonic life stage concentration. The Kill Power Index necessary to control different target pests is expressed in the following.table as multiples of the Kill Power Index required to kill Drywood termites (Index = 1), assuming the applications occurred under the same conditions. When the egg stage of a Target Pest cannot be killed with ZYTHOR, the multiple of the Drywood Termite Kill Power Index that must be achieved to kill the non-egg stages only is given instead. These multiples apply to the use of ZYTHOR within all types of fumigated spaces. Kill Power Indexes for Different Pests (Drywood Termite Index = 1) Pests Multiple of the Comments Drywood Termite Kill Power Index Rodents 1/2x Carpet Beelles lx Eggs are not killed Cockroaches 1x Eggs are not killed (except German) Cockroach (German) 1x Furniture Carpet Beelles 3x Eggs are not killed Bedbugs 3x Old House Borers 4x Formosan Termites 4x Above ground termites only are killed. Use in combination with other methods to kill infestations originating below ground. Clothes Moths 6x Powder Post Beetles and lOx Death Watch Beelles MONITORED VS. UNMONITORED APPLICATION Monitor or monitoring refers to the periodic measurement of the actual concentration of ZYTHOR contained within the air of the fumigated space. Monitoring confirms the concentration of ZYTHOR to which the Target Pest is exposed and allows for correction of variations of the actual from the expected concentration of ZYTHOR. if necessary. Monitoring can increase the accuracy with which the needed Kill Power Index is applied and is particularly recommended when a high level of precision is necessary. A monitored or unmonitored application of ZYTHOR can be made to any fumigated space for the control of any type of Target Pest. The ZYTHOR Fumicalc calculator is designed to calculate the dose of ZYTHOR (and supplements to the dose during the course of the fumigation in the case of a monitored application, if needed) for any fumigated space for both monitored and unmonitored applications. ZYTHOR RELEASE PREPARATION Prepare to release the ZYTHOR through a shooting tube to be attached to the ZYTHOR cylinder whose discharge end is positioned within the fumigated space. The system for introduction of ZYTHOR into the fumigated space (tubing, connectors, etc.) should be free of leaks and designed to withstand a minimum burst pressure of 500 pounds per square inch (psi). If monitoring will occur, run gas sampling lines from representative locations within the fumigated space to exterior monitoring points before ZYTHOR introduction Preventing Fogouts ZYTHOR is packaged as a liquid under pressure. When it is released into the fumigated space it must be converted into a gas to be effective as a fumigant. This process of release and conversion, if not properly prepared for and controlled, can result in damage to surfaces within the fumigated space from contact with water condensed from the air as the liquid to gas conversion process cools the air into which the fumigant is introduced and nearby surfaces. Damage can also occur when unconverted liquid fumigant. possibly present in the fumigated space after it is released but before it converts to a gas, comes into contact with surfaces that might be damaged by its presence. The conversion of ZYTHOR from a liquid in the cylinder to a gas requires a source of heat. The heat to make this conversion is taken from the air into which the 4 ZYTHOR is released as it contacts the air The need for heat to make this